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Kenya's Heritage,
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Search over 3.5 million archival records, archaeological objects, natural history specimens, and ethnographic materials — the most comprehensive digital collection of East African heritage.

247,400
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8
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Eight World-Class Collections

Every domain connects to real objects, research outputs, and heritage sites across the NMK platform.

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Palaeontology
12,400 specimens digitised
Hominin fossils and the world's most significant record of human evolution from the Turkana Basin.
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Natural History
98,200 specimens
Botany, zoology, entomology, herpetology, and ornithology covering East Africa's biodiversity.
🏺
Archaeology
34,600 objects
Material culture from Swahili coastal towns, Iron Age settlements, and prehistoric sites across Kenya.
🎭
Ethnography
22,800 items
Material culture, dress, tools, and ritual objects representing Kenya's 44 distinct communities.
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Photographic Archives
180,000 photographs
The most comprehensive visual record of Kenya's modern history from 1880 to the present.
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Documentary Archives
3.2M documents
Colonial records, correspondence, maps, and official documents spanning 200 years of Kenya's history.
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Geology
8,900 specimens
Minerals, meteorites, and rock samples documenting the formation of the East African Rift System.
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Audiovisual Archives
14,600 recordings
Film, audio, and oral histories — the living voices and moving images of Kenya's heritage.

Highlights from the Collection

Explore All
Palaeontology
Turkana Boy (KNM-WT 15000)
1.6 Million BP · West Turkana
Natural History
Martial Eagle (Polemaetus bellicosus)
Collected 1963 · Rift Valley
Archaeology
Gedi Terracotta Storage Vessel
c. 1400–1600 CE · Kilifi, Coast
Ethnography
Maasai Warrior's Shield (Ol-orika)
Late 19th century · Rift Valley
12,400 objects match your filters
Palaeontology
Prehistoric
Has images
Palaeontology
Turkana Boy (KNM-WT 15000)
1.6 Million BP · West Turkana
Palaeontology
Hominid Cranium KNM-ER 1470
1.9 Million BP · East Turkana
Palaeontology
Australopithecus afarensis Mandible
3.2 Million BP · Turkana Basin
Palaeontology
Paranthropus boisei Skull
1.7 Million BP · Olduvai
Palaeontology
Oldowan Stone Tool, Turkana
2.6 Million BP · Turkana Basin
Palaeontology
Homo habilis Skull KNM-ER 1813
1.9 Million BP · Koobi Fora
Palaeontology
Sivapithecus Molar Fragment
12 Million BP · Fort Ternan
Palaeontology
Acheulean Hand Axe, Olorgesailie
700,000 BP · Kajiado
© National Museums of Kenya. Open access — CC BY 4.0. High-resolution available on request.
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Palaeontology Hominin Fossils
NMK Catalogue No. KNM-WT 15000

Turkana Boy

Homo ergaster
The most complete skeleton of an early human ever discovered. Found in 1984 at Nariokotome, West Turkana by NMK field palaeontologist Kamoya Kimeu. Turkana Boy permanently established Kenya as the cradle of humanity and remains the single most important palaeontological specimen in NMK's collection.
Age
c. 1.6 Million Years BP
Discovery Site
Nariokotome, West Turkana
Discovered By
Kamoya Kimeu, 23 Aug 1984
Currently Held
Nairobi National Museum
Condition
Excellent — 40% complete
Acquisition
Scientific excavation, NMK
Access Level
Public — Open Access
Rights Statement
CC BY 4.0 — NMK
View Related Objects

Description

Turkana Boy's skeleton is approximately 40% complete — making it by far the most complete early human skeleton ever found. The individual was approximately 8–9 years old at death and stood around 160cm. Had he survived to adulthood he would have grown to approximately 185cm — taller than any previous early human specimen suggested.

The skeleton's proportions are strikingly modern: long legs relative to arms, a narrow pelvis, and a torso shape indicating Homo ergaster had fully adapted to upright bipedal locomotion across open savanna. The brain case was significantly larger than earlier hominins, and evidence in the thoracic vertebrae suggests the neurological capacity for controlled breathing — a prerequisite for complex speech.

Provenance & Collection History
Discovered on 23 August 1984 by Kamoya Kimeu during a survey expedition led by Professor Richard Leakey along the western shore of Lake Turkana near Nariokotome. The initial find — a small fragment of frontal bone — was made on the surface. Subsequent excavation over five field seasons (1984–1988) recovered the associated skeleton. The specimen has been held at NMK's palaeontology department in Nairobi since its excavation and has never been displayed outside Kenya.

Cite This Object

APA
MLA
Chicago
Harvard
National Museums of Kenya. (2026). Turkana Boy (Homo ergaster) [Collection object KNM-WT 15000]. NMK Digital Collections. https://collections.museums.or.ke/object/KNM-WT-15000

This Object Connects To

Related Research (14 publications)

Journal Article · Open Access
The Nariokotome Homo Erectus Skeleton: A New Look at the Body Plan of Early Homo
Walker, A. & Leakey, R. (1993) · Nature, 261, 429–440
NMK Publication · Research Access
Dental Development and Age at Death of KNM-WT 15000
Dean, C., Leakey, M.G. et al. (2001) · Journal of Human Evolution, 40(5)

Related Objects

All Palaeontology
Palaeontology
Cranium KNM-ER 1470
1.9M BP · Koobi Fora
Palaeontology
A. afarensis Mandible
3.2M BP · Turkana Basin
Palaeontology
Oldowan Stone Tool
2.6M BP · Turkana Basin
Palaeontology
P. boisei Skull
1.7M BP · East Turkana
National Archive — Est. 1910

Kenya's Memory,
3.5 Million Records Strong

NMK's archive holds the most comprehensive documentary, photographic, and audiovisual record of Kenya's modern history — available for research, education, and community access.

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180,000
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3.2M
Documents
🎞️
14,600
Film & audio
🗺️
22,400
Maps & plans

What the Archive Holds

Six distinct archive collections, each with its own access conditions, service model, and discovery interface.

📷
Photographic Archive
180,000 photographs — 92,000 digitised
Historical photographs from 1880 to present covering colonial administration, independence, community life, wildlife, and cultural events.
📄
Documentary Archive
3.2 million documents
Colonial administrative records, official correspondence, legal documents, maps, survey reports, and post-independence government records.
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Film & Video Archive
8,400 film and video items
Documentary film, newsreel footage, educational films, and broadcast recordings from the 1930s to 2000s, including independence celebration footage.
🎙️
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6,200 recordings
Oral history recordings, ethnographic audio, and field recordings from over 200 Kenyan communities documented since 1965.
🗺️
Maps & Architectural Plans
22,400 maps and plans
Survey maps, topographic records, architectural drawings of heritage sites, and rare pre-colonial cartographic material.
🔬
Scientific Field Records
84,000 field records
Field notebooks, specimen collection records, expedition logs, and scientific correspondence from NMK's 100+ years of fieldwork across East Africa.

New Archive Records

📷
Nairobi Market Scene, Government Road — circa 1925
Date: c.1920–1930Format: Glass plate negative, 24×18cmCreator: East African Standard
Glass plate negative showing a busy street market on Government Road (now Moi Avenue), Nairobi. One of a series of 240 glass plates transferred from the East African Standard archive in 1987.
EAS/NBI/1925/0042
Open Access
📄
Correspondence: Leakey to Coryndon Museum — On the Acquisition of Palaeontological Specimens, 1947
Date: 14 March 1947Format: Typed letter, 3 pagesCreator: L.S.B. Leakey
Three-page letter from Dr. Louis Leakey discussing the proposed transfer of palaeontological specimens from the Olduvai Gorge excavations, with a handwritten list of specimen reference numbers.
NMK/CORR/1947/LEA/041
Research Access
🎙️
Oral History: Mzee Ibrahim Juma — Life on the Swahili Coast, Lamu 1963
Date: November 1963Format: Reel-to-reel audio, 47 minutesLanguage: Swahili (transcription available)
Oral history recording covering traditional fishing practices, dhow trade routes, Ramadhan customs, and memories of the colonial period in Lamu.
NMK/OH/1963/LAM/017
Open Access
🎞️
Kenya Independence Celebrations — Uhuru Stadium, Nairobi — 12 December 1963
Date: 12 December 1963Format: 16mm film, 22 minutes, colourCreator: Kenya Government Film Unit
22-minute colour film documenting Kenya's independence celebrations, including the lowering of the Union Jack, the raising of the Kenyan flag at midnight, and street scenes from Nairobi on independence night.
KGFU/1963/IND/001
On Request
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